非洲風情：尼羅河流域文明
- 2021年12月30日
- 讀畢需時 2 分鐘
已更新：2022年12月13日
早期埃及人在尼羅河沿岸定居，形成不同的部落。經歷戰爭和吞併，小城邦逐漸形成上埃及王國和下埃及王國。公元前3150年，上埃及王國國王米尼斯統一埃及。國王被尊稱為法老，意指大宮殿，被認為是天神化身，具有至高無上權威，全國對其命令都須絕對服從。
埃及統一後，在法老專制統治下，政治趨向穩定，文化和經濟逐步發展，包括建設金字塔。經歷古王國時期和帝國時期兩大輝煌時期。自公元十二世紀起，外族不斷入侵，埃及國勢逐漸衰弱。公元前332年，埃及被希臘亞歷山大帝國征服，羅馬帝國後來成為統治者。
談及最具古埃及文明的特色，就不能錯過其宗教觀念。古埃及崇尚神權政治和政教合一。國王在世時，是太陽神的化身，死後亦會化身成陰間之神。古埃及人亦相信人有兩個靈魂，分別稱為Ka和Ba。前者死後會進入另一個世界，後者則留在人間，晚上會回到肉體。
靈魂將會在冥界受審，如果心臟較正義女神的羽毛輕，就會獲得永生，靈魂合併成永恆生命體。相反，如果心臟較重，就會被怪獸阿米特吞食，永不超生。這個觀念影響國王和貴族興建金字塔，深信陵墓是永生必要條件，並且將屍體製作成木乃伊保存。
Ancient Egyptian Civilization
The ancient Egyptians settled down along the Nile. The tribes combined into 2 kingdoms, the Upper and Lower Egypt. King Menes united Egypt in 3150 B.C., and coined himself in the name of Pharaoh. As a bridge between deities and people, he was obeyed by everyone.
It was a prosperous society. The Great Pyramid, as well as the Great Sphinx of Giza symbolized its significant advancement. It was not until the 12 century, invaders conquered the kingdom, including Alexander the Great, and the Rome Empire.
When it comes to Ancient Egyptian Civilization, Kemetism was a remarkable religion. The king was the son of the Sun, and kept ruling Duat once he died. They believed a soul was made up of two. When a man died, Ka would enter the afterlife while Ba would stay on Earth.
Souls would be led to the Hall of Truth by the god Anubis. If his heart was lighter than a feather, he would achieve immortality. If not, he would be swallowed by the deity, Ammit. The construction of the pyramid was therefore affected by immortality, in case of the return.
名稱：圖解定調人類格局的八大文明
作者：鄭伊絢
年份：2014
出版地：臺灣
出版社：易博士文化
類別：世界歷史
評分：6/10
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